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"We should all be concerned about the future because we will have to spend the rest of our lives there."
(Charles F.Kettering)

pvresources.com 10th anniversary: 2001 - 2011


In 2010 large scale PV plants with cumulative power more that 3 GWp (preliminary data) were connected to the grid. Market leader was Germany with more than 1 GWp new power capacity installed closely followed by Italy and the Czech Republic. Among asian countries it is worth to mention China with several large scale PV power plants put into service.

USA is one of only two markets with continious market growth over a decade. Some impressions and comments from Solarpraxis PV Power Plants USA 2011 Conference can be found here (courtesy: Solarpraxis).

Detailed overview and description of world's largest photovoltaic (solar electric) installations is available here. 1000 photovoltaic plants are included in the list - power range spans from 2 MWp to 97 MWp. Cumulative power of photovoltaic systems presented here is more than 5800 MWp and increases very fast.
 

Solarserver

Aktuelle Solar-Nachrichten des Internetportals www.solarserver.de.

RSS Solar-Nachrichten

Energieerzeugung und Energiespeicherung: Panasonic zeigt flächendeckende Lösu...
Auf der weltgrößten Solarmesse Intersolar Europe wird Panasonic Europe Ltd. vom 13.-15.06.2012 in München eine große Bandbreite seiner Technologien der Energieerzeugung und Energiespeicherung vorstellen. Am Stand A1, 170 können Besucher den Energie-Kreislauf von der Stromerzeugung im Photovoltaik-Modul über die Einspeisung durch Wechselrichter ...

Photovoltaik-Onlineplattform SecondSol präsentiert sich mit neuen Funktionen ...
Die Photovoltaik-Handelsplattform und Zweitmarktbörse SecondSol (www.secondsol.de) präsentiert sich ab sofort mit neuen Funktionen und in einem neuen Look, berichtet die SecondSol GmbH (Meiningen) in einer Pressemitteilung. Die Plattform bietet Käufern und Verkäufern die Möglichkeit, Solar-Komponenten untereinander zu handeln. Neben den Produkt...

Photovoltaik in Brandenburg: Emmvee schließt Solarpark mit 11,4 MW in Bronkow...
Innerhalb von sieben Wochen entstand neben der Landebahn des Flugfeldes Bronkow eine große Photovoltaik-Freiflächenanlage: der Solarpark Bronkow Luckaitztal. Die Emmvee Photovoltaics GmbH (Berlin), Hersteller von Solarmodulen, Projektentwickler und Generalunternehmer, hat das Solarkraftwerk mit knapp 12 Megawatt Nennleistung konzipiert und gebau...

AS Solar installiert Photovoltaik-Anlage für Energieagentur in Rabat, Marokko
Im Rahmen des dena-Solardachprogramms plant und installiert die AS Solar GmbH (Hannover) eine Solarstromanlage für die marokkanische Agentur für Erneuerbare Energien und Energieeffizienz (ADEREE) in Rabat. AS Solar setze bei diesem Projekt auf verschiedene innovative und visuelle Highlights, so das Unternehmen in einer Pressemitteilung. Erneut w...

VKU zur Entlassung von Bundesumweltminister Röttgen: Bundesumweltministerium ...
"Bundesumweltminister Dr. Norbert Röttgen hat in den letzten Jahren die kommunale Wirtschaft und die Stadtwerke nie aus den Augen verloren. Für seinen persönlichen Einsatz bei den kontroversen Debatten um eine unkonditionierte Laufzeitverlängerung und deren negativen Auswirkungen auf den Wettbewerb im Energiemarkt möchte ich Norbert Röttgen ausd...

Photovoltaik-Systemintegrator Soventix gründet Niederlassung in Südafrika und...
Nachdem der Photovoltaik-Hersteller Sovello GmbH (Bitterfeld-Wolfen OT Thalheim) am 14. Mai 2012 eine Insolvenz in Eigenverantwortung beantragt hat, werde die Soventix GmbH vermehrt mit Fragen zu möglichen Auswirkungen auf die eigene Geschäftsentwicklung konfrontiert, berichtet das Duisburger Solar-Unternehmen in einer Pressemitteilung. "Wir hab...

ET Solar gibt Fertigstellung von Photovoltaik-Anlagen mit 9,6 MW in Deutschla...
ET Solar Group Corp. (Nanjing, China) gab am 17.05.2012 den Abschluss zweier bodenmontierter Photovoltaik-Anlagen in Deutschland mit einer Nennleistung von über 9,6 Megawatt (MW) bekannt. Die Solarparks haben jeweils eine Kapazität von 4 MW und 5,6 MW. Sie befinden sich in Oberröblingen, 100 Kilometer westlich von Leipzig, und in Rätzlingen, 100...

Photovoltaik in Großbritannien: Ministerium für Energie und Klimaschutz versc...
Die britischen Solar-Interessenvertreter begrüßen die Ankündigung von Großbritanniens Minister für Energie und Klimaschutz, Ed Davey, vom 17.05.2012, dass sein Ministerium die nächste Kürzung der Solarstrom-Einspeisevergütung verschieben werde. Der Branchenverband Solar Trade Association (STA, London), der die Verschiebung gefordert hatte, melde...

SolarWorld begrüßt vorläufige US-Entscheidung über Antidumpingzölle von bis z...
Die SolarWorld AG (Bonn) begrüßt die vorläufige Entscheidung des US-Handelsministeriums, Antidumpingzölle auf importierte Solar-Produkte aus China zu verhängen, als wichtigen Schritt zur Wiederherstellung fairen Wettbewerbs. Die Antidumpingzölle sollen je nach Fabrikat zwischen 31,14 und 249,96 Prozent liegen, teilte das Ministerium am 17.05.201...

Photovoltaik-Produktionstechnologie: Kostenentlastung für die Solarzellen-Mas...
Die SCHMID Group (Freudenstadt) meldet den Verkaufsstart einer produktionsreifen Anlage zur industriellen Aufbringung von Zinn-Busbars auf 6"-Solarzellen. Die Auslieferung der ersten "TinPad"-Systeme sei ab September geplant, berichtet das Unternehmen.


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News - PV-Tech

Japanese PV Energy Association finds total shipments grew 5.8% for fiscal 2011
The Japanese Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPEA) announced figures for Q4 and fiscal 2011, finding that total quarterly shipments fell 23% to 554.2MW from Q3, while shipments of PV cells and modules increased by a small percentage point during Q4. Domestic and import sales of thin-film also took a hit, falling by 68% while import of PV materi...

Dominion Virginia Power proposes new rate to promote solar electricity use
Dominion Virginia Power filed a petition with the Virginia State Corporate Commission (SCC) today asking for permission to buy solar-generated electricity from residential and small commercial customers at US$0.15/kWh for a five-year demonstration period. The power company aims to encourage solar electricity through a proposed new rate that incl...

3MW solar project in Connecticut gets final green light from zoning board
The proposed 3MW, US$20 million Ponterril solar project has received its final needed approval from the zoning board of appeals. The project will be developed across 22 acres of what used to be the Pittsfield Family YMCA?s recreation camp overlooking Pontoosuc Lake. The Berkshire Eagle advised that electricity produced by the project would be so...

Solar Gard completes second assessment of its environmental impact from relat...
Solar Gard has finished its second Environmental Product Declaration (EPD), which examines the environmental impact of a product from production to disposal . The latest EPD covers 14 more solar control architectural window films, bringing the company?s total number of carbon negative window films to 46.

PV Crystalox to receive ?90 million cash settlement over terminated wafer sup...
PV Crystalox Solar advised that it had reached a cash settlement over a terminated wafer supply deal that amounts to ?90 million. The funds will be recognized as income in the first half of this year and, according to proactiveinvestors, the news saw the company?s value more than double.

GT Advanced Technologies to begin manufacturing furnaces that produce silicon...
Expecting the PV equipment market to continue to slow this year, GT Advanced Technologies advised that it would be broadening its product lines with a new furnace that makes silicon carbide crystals. The company is aiming to diversify its product line in the midst of what it calls a global downshift in demand for its systems that make polysilico...

Concerns of Chinese retaliation colour CASM?s victory
Earlier this month, Chinese vice premier Wang Qishan and state councillor Dai Bingguo met with US secretary of state Hillary Clinton and treasury secretary Timothy Geithner, in Beijing to discuss Sino-American strategic and economic relations. On May 17, the US Department of Commerce announced in a preliminary hearing that China had been exporti...

First Solar announces plans to open office in the United Arab Emirates
First Solar has announced plans to open an office in the United Arab Emirates, according to Bloomberg reports, in order to meet the demand for solar energy in the Middle East. The company is currently negotiating with potential partners about contracts and a possible production plant in the UAE, as First Solar?s technical development manager Kar...

Heraeus announces construction of production site in Taiwan
German-based manufacturer of metallization pastes Heraeus is constructing a new manufacturing site in Taiwan, the company has announced. The production site is expected to commence operation in the last quarter of 2012 and is intended to meet the demand of the Taiwanese market with local production and technical services. Heraeus produces silver...

Extremadura authority signs agreement for non-subsidized 400MW PV project
The regional authority of the Spanish region of Extremadura has singed an agreement to fast-track permit the developemnt of a 400MW solar park in Calzadilla de los Barros, Spain, developed by SAG Solarstrom and Valsolar, it has been announced. The region will back the construction of the ?450 million PV plant, which will be the third project in ...


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Should you think this web site needs improvement, don't hesitate to let me know. I'll be happy of any constructive criticism. Any comments on terminology and web site content are appreciated. E-mail them to:

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Actual Books/Reports

Thin-Film Annual 2010

The Rise of Thin-Film Solar Technology (Hardback, 350 pages) represents the combined work of over 70 industry experts who have contributed to Photovoltaics International, the leading technical journal for the solar power supply chain, since its inception. This annual compilation comprises 33 technical articles, 76 independent product reviews and complete contact details for over 500 companies involved in the thin-film supply chain. It is designed for members of the solar PV supply chain internationally and provides in-depth technical information on thin-film technologies, their manufacture, and key market opportunities.

Thin-Film Annual 2010
 

PV Power Plants 2010

This is the first industry guide with a clear focus on large-scale PV plants. Through this medium, system integrators, distributors, project developers, project managers and investors can obtain a perfect overview of the latest market developments, new technologies, application possibilities and business landscape of the PV industry.

PV Power Plants 2010
 

Aerial photography


Suravia S.A. fotografia aerea

Suravia S.A fotografia aerea, is a company specialized on aerial photography, authorized by the headquarter of civil aviation in Spain. With sophisticated equipment and more than 15 years of experience Suravia S.A. can offer the best quality in aerial photographic services. In recent years renewable energies represent main topic of Suravia's activities. Company, leader in the Spanish market, takes part in most representative projects related to renewable energies. More...
 

Planta Fotovoltaica Calvia, Mallorca, courtesy Suravia S.A.

Photovoltaic power plant Calvia, Mallorca
(courtesy: Suravia S.A.)
 

Solar radiation


focus solar

At Focus Solar, we master the art of solar resource estimation. That's the study of how much energy is provided by the sun under different weather conditions. The use of satellite earth observations has brought a whole new dimension to solar resource assessment. High resolution solar energy data are now available to solar system owners offering a wealth of new opportunities. It's now possible to monitor solar systems from space and to spot microclimates on high-resolution maps of solar energy.

More...   
 

Focus Solar Map, courtesy Focus Solar

Solar radiation in Europe
(courtesy: Focus Solar)

Focus Solar Map, courtesy Focus Solar

Solar radiation in the USA
(courtesy: Focus Solar)
 

Solar electricity potential of European regions

Map published by the European Commission shows the photovoltaic solar energy potential of different parts of Europe. In addition the interactive on-line Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS), developed by the Commission's in-house scientific service, DG Joint Research Centre, allows users to estimate solar energy performance at any given location in Europe. These tools are invaluable as the EU seeks to increase the share of renewable energies in its consumption to 20 % in 2020.

Map can be downloaded from PVGIS web site. With its continuous improvement and updates PVGIS (Photovoltaic Geographical Information System) web site is one of the best solar radiation resources for estimation of PV potential in Europe and Africa available on-line.

PVGIS PV potencial in Europe

PVGIS PV potencial in Africa

Source: PVGIS © European Communities, 2001-2008.

Electricity from renewables saved 2,8 billion USD in Germany in 2005

Comprehensive report available for free as pdf file was written by specialists from "Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR, Stuttgart)" and "Fraunhofer Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung (ISI, Karlsruhe)".

Highly recommended (german language only).

Read more... or download report as pdf file (337 kB).
 

Interesting milestones

90 years ago In 1921 Albert Einstein was awarded a Nobel Prize for theoretical explanation of the photovoltaic effect.
70 years ago In 1941, the first silicon monocrystalline solar cell was constructed.
60 years ago In 1951, the first germanium solar cells have been made.

More...
 

About web site

pvresources.com is an independent web site related to photovoltaic technnologies and applications. It was developed as non-commercial helpful information to serve teachers, students and others interested in photovoltaics. In the web site you will find many interesting information on photovoltaic technologies, systems, applications etc. In case you miss any information, I have provided various interesting links where you can look for information you want.

More...


 

China Qingdao International Building Energy Saving Fair
 


Architectural highlights

Grass Valley Elementary School - What are the lessons we will give our children, and how will we communicate them? This simple but powerful idea inspires “The Science of Light,” a new solar art glass installation by Sarah Hall at Grass Valley Elementary School in Camas, Washington.

Grass Valley Elementary School, courtesy Sarah Hall

(picture courtesy Sarah Hall Studio)


This unique installation in the main stairwell windows of the school merges the ancient art of stained glass with cutting edge technology to produce a window that not only looks magnificent, but works for its living as well by gathering and using electricity in a visible and interactive way – as solar energy is gathered a glass spiral located in the stairwell is illuminated. Embedded in two panels are arrays of photovoltaic cells (thin silicon and metal squares that convert light into electricity). In this way the windows harvest energy from sunlight. The colours are warm and welcoming: the windows present solar energy to the students, staff and visitors in a joyful way. More...



Coney Island's Stillwell Avenue Terminal is the largest above-ground station in the New York City subway system. Glass and steel structure was designed using an innovative, panelized construction system of semi-transparent photovoltaic modules.

Picture courtesy:
Arnold Glas.

Stillwell Avenue Terminal, courtesy Glaswerke Arnold GmbH&Co.KG.

Interesting BIPV example is facade of a fashion house "ZARA" in Köln, Germany. "ZARA's" facade is a combination of natural stone, metal and BIPV integrated solar modules. 12 kW photovoltaic system consists of special solar glass and marine blue solar cells.

Picture courtesy Ingo Hagemann...

Fashion house "ZARA", courtesy Ingo Hagemann, Architekturbüro Hagemann

The International Solar Technology Awards are designed to acknowledge and recognise achievements in the production of solar technology.

The winners of the inaugural photovoltaics industry's Cell Awards were announced at a ceremony attended by the PV industry elite at the Intersolar exhibition on May 28th in Munich, Germany. Designed to acknowledge technical achievements in solar manufacturing, the Cell Awards attracted over 2,500 industry votes cast online during the three-week voting process.

Read more ...
 

Jobs & recruiting in solar industry

PVPEOPLE.net - is a contingency and retained recruiting firm specializing in the photovoltaic (PV) industry. We deliver top industry talent who has been confidentially located, qualified and reference checked. Key positions in manufacturing and research and development that we work on are process engineers, design engineers, materials and research scientists, engineering and operations managers, and Lean-Sigma/quality assurance engineers.

Other job opportunities:

Photon Magazine

Solarjobs

Translation services

Translation services for photovoltaics (spanish, dutch and german language) and simultaneously, consecutively and bilaterally interpretation (negotiations, conferences, guided tours, interviews, etc.

More...

GUNTHER Portfolio

The GUNTHER Portfolio offers short and interesting overviews about PV technologies, companies, industry developments etc.

Solar Energy News - RenewableEnergyWorld.com
Renewable Energy News Headlines provided by RenewableEnergyWorld.com - the leading online publisher of renewable energy news and information world-wide.

Will Chinese Solar Module Tariffs Restore Balance to the Industry?
In the quest to "level the playing field," the 31 percent anti-dumping tariff announced Thursday was a good start, said SolarWorld President Gordon Brinser, but even more is needed to bring the industry back into bala...

Apple to Power 3 Data Centers with 100 Percent Renewable Energy
Greenpeace advocates gathered outside of Apple's Cupertino headquarters early this week dressed as iPhones and iPods, declaring their outrage about the company's lack of clean energy use. They projected social media m...

NLP Solar Sales Training Live Webinar May 30th & 31st
Are IT Data Centers Emerging as a 'Killer App' for Green Power? Part 1
Last month, Greenpeace launched a series of coordinated protests at Amazon, Apple and Microsoft locations to draw attention to the companies’ use of GHG intensive fuels in powering their data centers.  The protests we...

31 Percent Anti-Dumping Tariffs Announced for Chinese Solar Panels
The U.S. Department of Commerce on Thursday announced stiff anti-dumping tariffs of around 31 percent on crystalline silicon solar panels imported from China, leading to a new round of concerns on how the duties will ...

Domestic Module Manufacturing: PV Globalization or Political Vote-Seeking?
Despite 2011 having been a particularly challenging year for PV cell and module manufacturers, new small-scale module manufacturing facilities continue to be implemented, especially in emerging markets. In some cases,...

Can the Voice of Solar Shine Brighter?
Solar manufacturers and installers face the same challenge as many business owners: How can a company make time for media outreach as part of their overall marketing strategy? With so many other tasks vying for our ti...

Mission Critical: A Clean Energy Call to Arms
They say nothing can get done in Washington, D.C. on the issue of clean energy, which has become a political lightning rod over the last year. With Congress at a high watermark of partisanship, accusations abound on C...

Rethinking the Role of Government in Cleantech
Another year, another wringing of the hands over tax credits and incentives for clean technology. Lobbyists and vendors in the U.S. are once again singing the blues, calling for continued and expanding government inv...

Five Shining Examples of Renewable Energy Innovation and Investment
Sinking revenues and shrinking policy support may be causing a bit of a haze on the renewable energy horizon, but there's plenty of sunshine trying to peek through if you look hard enough.


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Sun in old cultures

Stanford SOLAR Center offers comprehensive collection of information - sun in old cultures, ancient observatories, solar art and more. Recommended web site!
 

SOL4 - BIPV systems and passive buildings

SOL4 is an exemplary pilot project in a new semi-urban district for the sustainable construction of a working and living environment. The building complex serves as a business and training centre, as well as a centre of competence for advanced standards in ecological development, construction and workplace design. It is currently the largest passive solar office building in Austria. The skills and experience from a broad range of the project partners and associates were brought together in a common infrastructure and seminar programme for tenants. The resulting living and working environment includes relax areas and other social spaces. The technologies and design objectives implemented in the project sought to maximise "green" surfaces (e.g., green roof systems, open infiltration surfaces, etc.). Special attention was paid to using the latest developments of environmentally friendly construction materials as extensively as possible. The facility's energy management system optimises ventilation and air conditioning by means of a closed-loop heat distribution circuit with ground-coupled and ventilation heat exchangers. Passive cooling is enabled by concrete core activation in the panels of the roof construction. The grid-tied photovoltaic system provides electricity to cover the remaining energy demands of the mechanical systems. Finally, SOL4's overall ecological performance is being monitored and continually analysed with total quality assessment methods.

More...

SOL4, photo Thomas Kirschner, courtesy SOL4

SOL4 office building. Picture photo Thomas Kirschner, courtesy SOL4
 





 

Large-scale PV power plants

Considering large scale PV power plants installed PV power capacity in 2010 has surpassed 3 GW. Market leaders in 2010 were Germany and Italy followed by the Czech Republic, USA and France. Data for recent years is available in PV Power Plants 2010 Industry Guide, published by Solarpraxis.

Detailed overwiev about PV power installed (only large scale PV power plants considered) in recent years (1995-2008) you may find in pvresources Annual Review 2008 .

Brief descriptions and some images of world's largest photovoltaic plants can you find if you follow the link. For each plant basic data is included - peak power, country, location, year of construction, GHG emission reduction data etc - if available of course. Pictures of some plants listed are also included.

Interesting new markets are for example Slovakia, Slovenia and United Kingdom. Solartech are one of the UK's leading Solar Energy Companies who specialise in the installation and supply of Solar Panels to domestic and commercial customers. Other areas of expertise include the renewable heat incentive, heat pumps and biomass boilers.
 

Solarpark Moravsky Krumlov, courtesy Poulek Solar

Solarpark Moravsky Krumlov
Picture courtesy: Poulek Solar
 

Solarpark Lieberose, 53 MW, courtesy juwi Holding

Solarpark Lieberose under construction. With 53 MW peak power third largest German PV power plant.
Picture courtesy: juwi
 

Aznalcollar power plant, 100 kWp, courtesy Suravia S.A:

Aznalcollar, photovoltaic power plants with 17 MW peak power constructed by different companies
Picture courtesy: Suravia S.A.
 

In 2008 first large scale PV plants were put into service in Greece.
 

Olympic power plant, 100 kWp, courtesy Compa Solar

100 kW Olympic power plant, located in Pieria, Greece. Picture courtesy Compa Solar
 

Lucainena de Las Torres, 23,2 MWp, courtesy MEPSOLAR AG

Lucainena de Las Torres (Almeria). 23,2 MW plant completed in summer 2008. Picture courtesy MEPSOLAR AG
 

Huerta Solar Benahadux (Almeria). 10,6 MW, courtesy esTCI S.L.

Huerta Solar Benahadux (Almeria). 10,6 MW plant completed in summer 2008, air photo. Picture courtesy esTCI S.L.

Huerta Solar Benahadux (Almeria). 10,6 MW, courtesy esTCI S.L.

Huerta Solar Benahadux (Almeria). 10,6 MW plant completed in summer 2008. Picture courtesy esTCI S.L.
 

Maccaferi Group, roof mounted system, courtesy Mitsubishi Electric

Maccaferri Industrial Group, one of the largest roof mounted systems in Italy put into service in 2008. Picture courtesy Mitsubishi Electric
 

Concentrator PV

Some large-scale concentrator PV power plants were also installed in recent years. One example of small scale concentrator PV power plants is presented on the picture below.

Concentrator PV, copyright WS-Energia

In 2008-2009, WS Energia installed about 736 kW of solar concentrators, divided in more than 200 installations, all over Portugal. Each grid connected system has a power of 3,7 kW. More ...

Picture source/copyright:
WS-Energia
 

The most attractive

Saving energy is not normally linked to the start of the AFL season but that’s what the new redeveloped Gold Coast stadium – home of the appropriately named Gold Coast Suns – is all about. The owner, Stadium Queensland, worked with key consultants: Norman Disney & Young, engineers; ARUP, structural engineers; architects, Populous and builder, Watpac to adapt a fully integrated solar solution which will be promoted as part of the Gold Coast’s 2018 Commonwealth Games bid. More...

Gold Coast Stadium, courtesy Norman Disney & Young

Gold Coast Stadium, Carrara, Australia
Courtesy Norman Disney & Young
 

One of the most attractive european photovoltaic systems is probably Akademie Mont Cenis in Herne, Germany. Wooden structure covered with glass and transparent photovoltaic modules is unique sollution build on revitalised former coal mine in northern Germany

Akademie-du-Mont-Cenis Herne, Germany, copyright Flabeg

"Akademie-du-Mont-Cenis", Herne, Germany.
Picture source/copyright:
Flabeg-Solar
 

Floriade exhibition hall, the Netherlands. Roof integrated photovoltaic system with transparent modules. Detailed description of Floriade system can be found here (pdf file courtesy of Siemens Nederland N.V.).

More about bipv applications...

Pictures courtesy Bram Vorster...

Floriade, courtesy Bram Vorster

Floriade, courtesy Bram Vorster

The highest located plants

World's highest located grid-connected system is located on Jungfraujoch mountain in Switzerland - 3545 m above the sea level.

In 2005 PV plant Jungfraujoch (effective peak power 1.13 kWp, 3454 m above sea level), which was erected in 1993 by the PV laboratory of the Berne School of Engineering and Information technology, has established a new record for normalised annual energy production in 2005. Despite a line interruption of one day (23.8.2005) in the valley, in 2005 1537 kWh/kWp were produced with a winter energy fraction of 48.5%. Thus the old record dating from 1997 (1504 kWh/kWp) was trespassed considerably. Without the line interruption, in 2005 the production would have been even 1540 kWh/kWp. In the average of 1993 to 2005, PV plant Jungfraujoch has produced 1407 kWh/kWp with a winter energy fraction of 46.3%.

You may find more details about the plant on the page where world's highest located grid-connected system are described, or on the web site of PV-Labor der Hochschule für Technik und Informatik (HTI) - Berner Fachhochschule.

Jungfraujoch, world's highest grid-connected photovoltaic plant, courtesy HTI Burgdorf, PV Labor

Picture source/copyright:
PV-Labor der Hochschule für Technik und Informatik - Berner Fachhochschule